The Green School Village (GSV) association decided to develop the Teaching Permaculture for Refugees (TP4R) project because of the critical situation facing young refugees and migrants in Europe, with the intention of supporting youth workers, trainers and facilitators who seek to deepen and develop their experience in teaching Permaculture Design Courses (PDC) with a focus on young refugees and migrants. The project coordinator and the principal trainer chose the Training Permaculture Teachers (TPT) format for this project because it demonstrates the best non-formal educational methodology and research, and equips youth workers with tools and strategies to foster "critical thinking and a sense of initiative in young people", which is crucial in avoiding marginalisation and the religious radicalisation that may later occur in young migrants. They will come to understand the world in terms of connections - between people, economies, and governing structures, and how to create the conditions for humans to flourish on a societal level, as well as how to develop beneficial relationships with the natural world in support of them and the climate change challenges. Today's youth can benefit tremendously from these tools, learning to view the world as full of connections instead of isolation, and of solutions instead of problems. The TPT activity serves to empower youth workers by offering a valuable intercultural learning opportunity to connect and cooperate with their peers from Europe in order to build mutually beneficial relationships, and it improves their level of key competences and skills in the field of non-formal education. This training focuses on the creative possibilities and best practices of sustainable solutions, gained from Permaculture communities, "transition town" initiatives, networks of ecovillages and sustainable movements towards a regenerative future, which also serves to de-escalate xenophobia and nationalist violence against migrants. The non-formal and empowering nature of Permaculture is well-placed to embrace an uncertain global future that includes the mass movement of people. This Design system offers theory and practice to support "bottom up" designs and solutions to complex problems in the process of building self-sustainable social and built environments. As described in the Project Description section, the main objectives of PDCs are to demonstrate the suitability of Permaculture in treating the issue of migration in Europe, and the usefulness of the TPT course to get young refugees and migrants trained up in these fields. As well, the TP4R project links very strongly to the general objectives of the Erasmus+ programme (please check the Project Description section for more details). TP4R aims to provide an empowering response to mass migration which facilitates meaningful transitions for those who are forced to migrate. GSV has been inspired by Rosemary Morrow's work, and one of the main objectives of this project is to offer solutions to the challenges facing refugees, migrants, and society as a whole in a time of mass migration, climate change (which the U.N. has declared a major factor in the migration of people from Africa and the Middle East, along with war and economic factors), and political instability. Other objectives of the course include providing practical tools and training for teachers who work with displaced young adults, in line with the Erasmus+ 2019 focus on how "youth work [and] non-formal learning activities can significantly contribute to address the needs of refugees, asylum seekers and migrants and/or increase awareness about this issue within local communities". These tools and the training itself are described in detail in the Activities-Participants section, answering the question: "Which learning outcomes or competences (i.e. knowledge, skills and attitudes/behaviours) are to be acquired/improved by participants in the activity?", as well as in the Timetable in the Annexes section of this application form. The TP4R partners will experience and learn how to encourage and support each other to develop their full potential, become active European citizens and change agents, implement projects and work in effective, creative collaboration to bring about positive and sustainable transition in the society. This project is the first one of intended series of cross-border co-teaching initiatives between the participants, and the potential use of the Youth Exchanges opportunity of Erasmus+ to include young refugees on a local level with the support of the rest of the partner organizations and the (expanded) P4R network of certified Permaculture teachers. Rosemary Morrow herself is the supervisor of this project.