This project was fundamentally based on the understanding that southern European countries such as Italy and Spain are among the top 50 countries with the highest level of vulnerability to climate change. This situation becomes more complex in rural areas that are highly dependent on natural ecosystems, as in the Autonomous Community of Castilla y León and Southern Italy. Therefore, the project was designed to contribute to the understanding by young people of the factors that generate climate change and the implications that would allow them to take the necessary actions to face one of the greatest challenges facing humanity. That is why the participation of young people from different parts of Europe, in this case from Spain and Italy, allowed for understanding, discussion and joint action to modify the actions that generate climate change, as well as to reduce vulnerability and mitigate the adverse effects. The Douro River basin and southern Italy are characterized by a high biodiversity and agricultural potential that would be at risk, and therefore their populations, to the adverse effects of climate change. The objective of the project was to develop a cultural and environmental exchange that would allow young people from these two countries to address the issue of climate change in rural contexts, and enable them to have a critical and proactive attitude on the subject. The aim was to achieve through informal education an understanding of the recognition and importance of conserving natural ecosystems, support for sustainable, local and sustainable production models, and the transformation of unsustainable consumption practices. As such, the project focused on young people with vulnerable conditions, who have fewer socioeconomic opportunities, geographical difficulties or come from highly vulnerable contexts, and therefore a Youth Exchange (Key Action 105) was considered an appropriate tool to allow the exchange of experiences, expectations and proposals on the role of young people in the face of climate change and the need for sustainable development. It was proposed that the project would take into account the role of young people, so their participation and activism has been essential for the development of the project as it is the engine to strengthen the work of the European Union and give validity to the Erasmus+ program at a complex time that requires promoting democratic content, pluralism and youth initiatives. This was achieved through interaction in the protection of European ecosystems, the social, cultural and productive dynamics that depend on these ecosystems, and the active participation of young people in these changes.